American Marketing Association

Marketing is a broad concept. According to the American Marketing Association, marketing is the set of activities and processes in order to create communication and deliver products or any kind of exchange that has some value to customers, clients or society. To develop sales and reputation it is important for any company to buildup strategies for emphasizing the concept of marketing. A company that lack good marketing strategy may lose essential opportunities for increasing their market value  (Armstrong, Adam, Denize, & Kotler, 2014). Australian retail market contains many noteworthy names. One such name is Woolworth that has attained a apex of success. For its target customers Woolworths have a wide range and variety of products that includes groceries, vegetables, meat, packaged food items, magazines stationary products and even DVD  (Arli, Dylke, Burgess, Campus, & Soldo, 2013). Recently Woolworths launched its clothing line in South Africa to increase its business and popularity. Woolworths has 980 stores across Australia and 16 retail stores without the name Woolworth but under the same logo. They have their Headquarters in New South Wales and they operate under the name Safeway in Victoria where they have four stores in rural Victoria and three in Melbourne. They are at the market of retail business for over 92 years with average sale of 33,275 million dollars and profit margin of 1099 million dollars. Their asset value is worth 11,936 million dollars  (Knox, 2014). In this current report the marketing strategies of Woolworth including the issues faced by the brand is discussed. Ways for resolving such issues is also recommended. In Australian Market, the prime competitor for Woolworths is Coles and together they dominate over 80% of the Australian retail market. In recent years however a new name Aldi, came to business to give these two giant a competition. Woolworths became the fastest growing food and liquor retailer in Australian market in 2013. For achieving such peaks, the company must have some concrete marketing strategies. In this section, these strategies are discussed elaborately with context to the eight Ps of marketing. The marketing strategy targeted for products includes Design, technology, usability, value, quality, brand and warranty. Woolworths being a retailer has a wide range of products in their supermarket chains. Their product range includes fresh and packaged foods and vegetables; beverages and liquor; clothing line; Home accessories. In addition, they also have financial services  (Perrone & Wodonga, 2015).   For food and beverages, they focus on quality. Supplying the customers with high quality food is their first choice. Next, they rely on convenience, providing the customers feasibility of shopping in wide range of branded products. Innovation is their strongest marketing strategy that includes delicious authentic yet innovative recipes, which are tasty yet nutritious. Their clothing line focus on improving ranges, introducing new fashionable styles in budget value and sustainable quality. Woolworths present a wide range of home accessories and furnishings that include kitchen an d bathroom ware, crockery and vases, bedroom wear and curtains. They also have a market for furniture that is stylish and contemporary in an affordable range  (Digital, 2017). Keeping their customers in mind, and to appeal to a huge range of customer, Woolworths offer a wide range of price that fits the budget of majority of taxpayers. To attract customers they give offers in a wide range of their products as well. A total basket of goods that includes bread, milk, eggs, apples, chicken, cabbage, cheese maize, sugar, mincemeat, soft drink, flour, tea bags, rice and margarine is worth R479.44, which is quite affordable. Combined with lucrative offers Woolworth has a solid marketing strategy to attract a good range of customers  (Digital, 2017). The successful promotional strategies that Woolworths take make them the key player in the Australian retail market. According to analysts, their key to success is that they focus more on growing category sales rather than price cut. Even though there are players in business who offer same range of products in much lower price, Woolworth stays as the customer’s choice of brand to shop. Their central focus is on extending their food and liquor range.   Promoting their grocery, petrol through celebrities had been a prime promotional strategy for Woolworths that attracted attention of customers. This helped increase their brand value considerably  (Methner, Hamann, & Nilsson, The Evolution of a Sustainability Leader: The Development of Strategic and Boundary Spanning Organizational Innovation Capabilities in Woolworths., 2015). Place represents a particular point from where products of an organization reach the end customers. Place can be both offline and online. Depending on the type of product offerings of the organization, online or offline mode is selected and in some cases both are selected, so that the company is able to grow its business manifold  (Armstrong, Adam, Denize, & Kotler, 2014). Place offers a different picture to the consumers. While deciding to set shop in a particular city, an organization has to carefully study various parameters with respect to the existing demography, purchasing power parity of the consumers, existing competitors and local tax laws. It is the community for whom quality products and services are offered by an organization. People factor can be categorized with respect to both in house human resources of the firm and also the consumers to whom the same will be sold. If qualities of services are not up to the mark or the desired level of expectations, then a very good quality product might not sell to its intended customers. Woolworths has an excellent human capital workforce which has helped them expand its network and product portfolio across Australia and now to South Africa as well  (Shin & Lee, 2015). Since it’s important to develop a quality product offering to the customers, the method in which a product undergoes should be of very high standard as customers are paying premium to buy the same  (Human & Bick, 2016). Quality is a critical attribute of Woolworths’ product offerings, which has been maintained since the time it set up its business in 1924. Through partnership route, a firm gains competitive advantage over its rivals as two brands and their distribution points and strategies merge together, thereby realizing good economies of scale  (Rosenbaum-Elliott, Elliott, H., Percy, & Pervan, 2015). When strategic partnerships are formed, it delivers a greater impact on the company’s intended message in the market through smart packaging of products and good merchandising. Physical evidence determines the level of satisfaction from the customer’s point of view. They often judge the quality of a product based on their perceptions of the surrounding infrastructure  (Muposhi & Dhurup, 2016) Achieving the business strategies, analyzing the influential environment on its profitable ground are the important point that Woolworths need for its understanding (Feigin, 2016). The corporate strategies are not only accomplished but also the business performance of the organization significantly affects on the impact of the external factors of the organization. On analyzing the external environment, the internal aspects will help Woolworths to improve its present strategies and turning the mission into effective actions (Methner, Hamann, & Nilsson, The Evolution of a Sustainability Leader, 2015). Woolworths adapted some competitive strategies for competing in retail industry. It identified its position the field of retail marketing.   The two levels of external environment can be divided into two major levels that include the environment of the industry that can influence outside the company and the general influential factor, called macro environment of the company. Issues that Woolworths faces currently in Australia that can be listed below: Woolworths, being a large market scale in retail industry; they have very low dependency on the suppliers of the particular items. They must have very low dependency rate in the ground of the supply chain (King & Thobela, 2014). The fixed customers of Woolworths bargains tremendously in the store for the discount of any items. They get huge level of discounts in the e-commerce sites almost al the year round. Customers start trusting those online sites more than to step in for the retail market (Cameron, Sayers, Sacks, & Thornton, 2015). The discounted items from the sites become cheap in the price range and the quality remains the same. The current and new threat of Woolworths is considered significantly due to several other reasons. Any new organization competing in the particular business needs a huge amount of start-up capital for fixing up the facilities and for operating the business. Woolworths competes with Coles with 23% of the market that is controlled by them. Woolworths is the leader of the Australian market and its position flourishes the power of the company for exploitation of the potentiality of the market by its well-built resources and a proper presence of the company (Feigin, 2016). The Australian government has several restrictions on the movement of Woolworths as it keeps on increasing its prices quiet higher for any of its products specially liquor. The price rise is one of the common business strategies for profit making. The increase in price rise is the major weakness of the company for promoting growth because government restricts that in the upcoming future. Woolworths have several opportunities that is related in the retail industry that focuses with the potentiality of the growth like computerization, advancement of the supply chain and the lifestyle that changes the consumers that facts the abilities of the retailers for growing better opportunities in the market. However, they have adopted several strategies to cope up with the strategies for adopting the multi optional retailing for the changing needs of the consumer. A new technology that is adopted by Woolworths was the subscription of GEMMN(Global Electronic Marketing and Merchandising Network). However, on improving their chain of supply and the system of distribution that includes important impacts on cost saving. They also introduced the facilities for the online shopping, which make them to identify from any other company  (Methner, Hamann, & Nilsson, The Evolution of a Sustainability Leader: The Development of Strategic and Boundary Spanning Organizational Innovation Capabilities in Woolworths., 2015). Recently, Woolworths have diversified from grocery store to Hotels, Petrol, Liquor general Merchandise and general services. The expansion and the acquisition made Woolworths a largest supermarket chain in Australia with 31% share. The main growth of Woolworths is by the strong commitment towards its employees and the customers. It has benefits for multiple activities with innovation and identified strengths for conducting operations flexibly by the coordination of the activities and the close interrogation by the employees and the customers. The first and foremost challenge for Woolworths has always been the neck-to-neck competition provided by the other Aussie retail giant Coles. The last couple year has brought a number of other competitors in the market as well (Ausfoodnews.com.au., 2017). Along with that, the customer satisfaction level of retail chains took a massive hit as the online sites started emerging with their new discount schemes every day. In order to cope up with the current market schemes and the government restrictions on price hike the retail markets are facing increasing debts. Woolworths is no exception to this scenario, and the financial equilibrium of the company took further hits due to its many acquisition in period of 2008 to 2012 (Santos, M., Svensson, & Padin, 2014). The geographical market seclusion also plays a major role in the current instability in the company and the need for global expansion has become prevalent. Dealing with this many challenges needs renovation in strategic and operat ional level; a few recommendations have been listed down below: Woolworths started its journey back in 1924 as just a basement outlet and have come a long way since then. In 2012, the company reached the pinnacle of success when it acquired the position of largest supermarket chain in Australia. Woolworths has managed to capture 31% market shares with a customer base of more than 28 million per week. Even after tackling the Australian retail market for almost a century, Woolworth still has challenges ahead to overcome if it wants to uphold its duopoly in the Aussie retail market. The cutthroat market competition and government jurisdictions have placed hurdles after hurdles in its path that has dimmed the market potential for Woolworths in the last couple of year. However, the Woolies have always been a trusted enterprise due to   their core competence and unsurpassed quality standards. Hence it can be concluded, that a company as reputed as Woolworths just needs a well-articulated and renovated marketing strategy with current market scenario at the focal point to put the company back in the market with renewed zeal. (2017, February). Retrieved from Ausfoodnews.com.au.: https://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2015/05/06/woolworths-announces-new-strategies-to-win-over-grocery-shoppers-afn-reveals-full-detail.html Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R., & Soldo, E. (2013). Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration. Journal of Economics, Business & Accountancy Ventura, 16(1). Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., & Kotler, P. (2014). Principles of marketing. Australia.: Pearson Australia. Berning, A. (2014). Sustainable supply chain engagement in a retail environment. The case of Woolworths food suppliers. Cameron, A. J., Sayers, S. J., Sacks, G., & Thornton, L. E. (2015). Do the foods advertised in Australian supermarket catalogues reflect national dietary guidelines? Health promotion international. Digital, B. (. (2017, February 3). WOOLWORTHS HOLDINGS LIMITED | WOOLWORTHS RETAIL | OUR PRODUCTS. Retrieved from Digital, B. (2017). WOOLWORTHS HOLDINGS LIMITED | WOOLWORTHS RETAWoolworthsholdings.co.za. : https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/retail/products.asp Feigin, L. M. (2016). The effects of protests and boycotts on a brand and its reputation. Feigin, L. M. (2016). The effects of protests and boycotta case study on Woolworths and boycott, divestment and sanctions (BDS) (Doctoral dissertation, The IIE). Fernie, J., & Sparks, L. (2014). Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Human, C. J., & Bick, G. (2016). BOS Brands: challenges of internationalisation. Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies, 6(4), 1-32. Keith, S. (2012). Coles, Woolworths and the local. Locale: The Australasian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies. The Australasian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies, 47-81. King, L., & Thobela, S. (2014). Woolworths farming for the future. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review. Knox, M. ( 2014). Supermarket monsters: Coles, woolworths and the price we pay for their domination. The Monthly. Methner, N., Hamann, R., & Nilsson, W. (2015). The Evolution of a Sustainability Leader: The Development of Strategic and Boundary Spanning Organizational Innovation Capabilities in Woolworths. Springer International Publishing. Methner, N., Hamann, R., & Nilsson, W. (2015). The Evolution of a Sustainability Leader. Springer International Publishing. Methner, N., Hamann, R., & Nilsson, W. (2015). The Evolution of a Sustainability Leader: The Development of Strategic and Boundary Spanning Organizational Innovation Capabilities in Woolworths. In The Business of Social and Environmental Innovation, 87-104. Muposhi, A., & Dhurup, M. (2016). A Qualitative Inquiry Of Generation Y Consumers' Selection Attributes In The Case Of Organic Products. The International Business & Economics Research Journal (Online), 15(1),, 1. Perrone, A., & Wodonga, T. A. (2015). Centralian College: Creating a strategic marketing plan for long-term growth. Marketing. Centralian College. Rosenbaum-Elliott, R., Elliott, H., R., Percy, L., & Pervan, S. (2015). Strategic brand management. USA.: Oxford University Press,. Santos, A. D., M., Svensson, G., & Padin, C. (2014). Implementation, monitoring and evaluation of sustainable business practices: framework and empirical illustration. Corporate Governance. In A. D. Santos, M., G. Svensson, & C. Padin, Implementation, monitoring and evaluation of sustainable business practices: framework and empirical illustration. Corporate Governance (pp. 515-530). Shin, S., & Lee, S. H. (2015). Effects of Business Environmental Factors on 4P Mix of Eco-friendly Textile in Textile Fashion Firms. Fashion business, 19(2), 36-52. End your doubt 'should I pay someone to do my dissertation by availing dissertation writing services from

Stella Dallas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Stella Dallas - Essay Example This urgency is emphasized in educating individuals to speak in one’s own voice, without falling into narcissistic self-containment. It is a form of educating people to turn their voice of the â€Å"I† outward, towards a becoming-community that is hospitable to strangers, and allows space for the inaudible and marginal voice to be acknowledged. This advocacy is a form of educating individuals without narratives of self-serving recognition. In the making of â€Å"the great man,† that is to say, a figure able to sustain independence even when surrounded by many others, is the main thesis of Emerson’s â€Å"Self-Reliance.† While this is a heartening call to trust in ourselves, an immediate, popular reaction can be expected: Is this not too egocentric a notion of the self to be defensible today? In response to prevalent criticisms of the Emersonian self on the grounds of its excessive emphasis on the personal side of individualism, Buell argues that the personal in Emerson is underwritten by impersonality and depersonalization. An implication of Buell’s view is that the underlying drive in Emerson’s account of the self is negative, that is, it is an avoidance of the personal. However, is this the only way of responding to Emerson’s call for people to become self-reliant? In responding to this urgency, the negative approach of reading Emerson does not seem adequate. The task for the philosophy of education is to offer a critical framework for rethinking the structure of language and the self in order to bridge the personal and the public. The purpose of this essay is to explore an alternative possibility for reading this contested passage of Emerson, a reading that takes issue with the limited frames of both the prevailing criticism of the independent figure and the defense. This essay suggests one possibility of such a discourse for education through a reinterpretation of Emerson that centers on the theme of t he education of the self-reliant person, from the inmost to the outmost. A main figure through which we could view what is truly at stake here is Stanley Cavell’s idea of â€Å"Emersonian moral perfectionism.† In his anti-foundationalist approach to perfectionism, Cavell destabilizes the way we conventionally conceive of the self. He envisions a potential path from the private to the public, showing the aesthetic and the existential to be preconditions for our political becoming. In other words, Cavell’s picture of the Emersonian self destabilizes any notion of the â€Å"real me.† Herein, the self is construed not as something negative but rather, as affirmative. Particularly, the genre he identifies as the Hollywood melodrama of the unknown woman — exemplified by the film Stella Dallas — is examined as a â€Å"perfectionist narrative,† with â€Å"prophetic language† being highlighted as one of its key features. Given this mode of analysis, it helps destabilize perceptions of the self and of the self’s relation to language, and will show why the apparently paradoxical concept of anti-foundationalist perfectionism is necessary in the passage from the inmost to the outmost. In conclusion, I shall claim that Cavell’s ideas can serve as a critical corrective to the popular discourse in narrative education and political education: its alternative vision of education can awaken the individual to find his or her own voice. Cavell’

Food and the First World War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Food and the First World War - Essay Example These include high explosive, perfected machine guns, hand grenades and poison gas among a whole host of other 'advances'. The social changes wrought by WWI are also commonly known, from the end of Victorian England to the growth of a middle class to the new independence of women. However, one important advance that occurred both before and during the war; one that would change the world profoundly, was the method of production, storing and transportation of food. This analysis detail the differences between the importance of food in previous wars versus WWI, as well as the wider cultural changes that were placed on European people because of a concentration upon the supply (and disruption thereof) in the war. It will also consider that technological advances in the food industry as a result of the prolonged war. Food was a very important wartime commodity, and new types of warfare, including the u-boats, were aimed at sinking ships transporting supplies, and especially food supplies. In previous wars, food had been important to armies, indeed, it was a matter of prime importance for an army o the move. Julius Caesar, in one of the greatest, and first, works describing warfare, suggests that the need for food is perhaps the most vital component of an army's activity. Food, according to Caesar, is the prime "weapon" of warfare, because without it, none of the others are effective (Caesar, 1983) Before the advent of modern warfare, which can in some ways traced to both the American Civil War (in terms of numbers of men/devastation) and to WWI (in terms of technology/deaths), armies needed to live off the land that they passed through. While some supplies could be taken with them, sue to the lack of storage/preservation these could only the very basics such as corn, oats and some salted meats. But because roads were unpaved and slow, the transport of large amounts of food would bring an army to a stand-still. So the major source of land would be the land that was being passed through. Indeed, cutting off that food supply brought many great armies to their knees. Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812, and the subsequent destruction of his army stemmed from two major factors: first traveling too far, too fast without access to a reliable source and second, the Russian winter. The Russians adopted a "scorched earth" policy in which they destroyed their own landscape by setting it on fire in order to starve the French army (Schom, 1998). As Napoleon stated in what has become something of a clich. "an army marches on its stomach" (Schom, 1998). As the fate of Napoleon's army illustrated, as well as that of many others over the centuries, reliance upon the native sources of food rather than transporting one's own individual supply leads to a great vulnerability, even for what is superficially the strongest army. The larger the army the greater are needs for food, and the greater logistical problems involved in supplying it. The Industrial revolution, which started in England and eventually spread to much of the rest of Europe and the United States, caused a massive transformation in the cultural and economic landscape of food production. In the century between Napoleon's disastrous defeat at the hands of the Russians and the beginning of WWI in 1914, many advances in both the production and preservation of food had occurred. One of the great improvements was the invention of

Kant and Mills Theories Essay -- social issues

Kant and Mill's Theories In July of 1994, Paul J. Hill, a former Presbyterian minister and later a pro-life activist, was prosecuted for killing Dr. John Britton, an abortion performing doctor, and James Barrett, a volunteer, outside a clinic in Pensacola, Florida. Prior to this, Hill commented on the murder of Dr. David Gunn, another abortion performing doctor, stating that it was a â€Å"biblically justified homicide (P. 215).† This statement shows how strong Hill’s beliefs were and leads one to assume that he did not regret killing Britton and Barrett. This paper will address the Hill case and determine the ethical parameter in which Paul Hill should have acted. The two philosophical approaches that will be examined and contrasted are the Kantian and Utilitarian perspectives. Kant and Mill’s point of view on the actions of Paul J. Hill will be presented based on their theories. Lastly, I will explain why I believe that Kant’s theory provides a more plausible account of morality . Kantianism and Utilitarianism are two theories that attempt to answer the moral nature of human beings. Immanuel Kant’s moral system is based on a belief that reason is the final authority for morality. John Stuart Mill’s moral system is based on the theory known as utilitarianism, which is based upon utility, or doing what produces the greatest happiness. One of Kant’s lasting contributions to moral philosophy was his emphasis on the notion of respect for persons. He considers respect for persons (a.k.a the Kantian respect) to be the fundamental moral principle of ethical philosophy. His Kantianism premise is a deontological moral theory which claims that the right action in any given situation is determined by the categorical imperative, which he calls the Supreme Principle. This imperative is a command that applies to all rational beings independent of their desires. It is a command that reason tells us to follow no matter what (P.31).† Kant considers this an objective law of reason and because it applies to all of us, he calls it a universal practical law for all rational beings. The hypothetical imperative, on the contrary, is a conditional command, which â€Å"we have reason to follow if (it) serve(s) some desire of ours (P.31).† For example, if you want X, then you will do Y, whereas with the categorical impe rative, X has nothing to do with why you do Y. Kant’s categor... ...es, I believe that Kantianism provides a more plausible account of ethics. Kantianism is more consistent of a theory and can be universally applied to all beings. It is more plausible because even if the consequences of performing an action are not necessarily the best, the agent is still obligated to perform the action because it is there duty to do so. Therefore, ethically and morally they are doing the right thing. In conclusion, this paper has discussed two main theories regarding the ethical behavior of human beings. Kantianism is a theory based on duties, maxims, willing and the categorical imperative. Also, it focuses on the motivation of actions, has clear and distinct set of universal rules, and is morally logical. On the other hand, Utilitarianism is based on the concept that we ought to do whatever produces the greatest overall utility and this will be the morally right action. Furthermore, it relies on the consequences of an action, has no set universal laws as each action is assessed on an individual basis, and morality is based on the results of the assessment. Because of these reasons, I believe that Kantianism is the more ethically plausible theory of the two.

Digital Fortress Chapter 14

Becker gazed down at the cadaver. Even hours after death, the Asian's face radiated with a pinkish glow of a recent sunburn. The rest of him was a pale yellow-all except the small area of purplish bruising directly over his heart. Probably from the CPR, Becker mused. Too bad it didn't work. He went back to studying the cadaver's hands. They were like nothing Becker had ever seen. Each hand had only three digits, and they were twisted and askew. The disfigurement, however, was not what Becker was looking at. â€Å"Well, I'll be.† The lieutenant grunted from across the room. â€Å"He's Japanese, not Chinese.† Becker looked up. The officer was thumbing through the dead man's passport. â€Å"I'd rather you didn't look at that,† Becker requested. Touch nothing. Read nothing. â€Å"Ensei Tankado†¦ born January-â€Å" â€Å"Please,† Becker said politely. â€Å"Put it back.† The officer stared at the passport a moment longer and then tossed it back on the pile. â€Å"This guy's got a class-3 visa. He could have stayed here for years.† Becker poked at the victim's hand with a pen. â€Å"Maybe he lived here.† â€Å"Nope. Date of entry was last week.† â€Å"Maybe he was moving here,† Becker offered curtly. â€Å"Yeah, maybe. Crummy first week. Sunstroke and a heart attack. Poor bastard.† Becker ignored the officer and studied the hand. â€Å"You're positive he wasn't wearing any jewelry when he died?† The officer looked up, startled. â€Å"Jewelry?† â€Å"Yeah. Take a look at this.† The officer crossed the room. The skin on Tankado's left hand showed traces of sunburn, everywhere except a narrow band of flesh around the smallest finger. Becker pointed to the strip of pale flesh. â€Å"See how this isn't sunburned here? Looks like he was wearing a ring.† The officer seemed surprised. â€Å"A ring?† His voice sounded suddenly perplexed. He studied the corpse's finger. Then he flushed sheepishly. â€Å"My God.† He chuckled. â€Å"The story was true?† Becker had a sudden sinking feeling. â€Å"I beg your pardon?† The officer shook his head in disbelief. â€Å"I would have mentioned it before†¦ but I thought the guy was nuts.† Becker was not smiling. â€Å"What guy?† â€Å"The guy who phoned in the emergency. Some Canadian tourist. Kept talking about a ring. Babbling in the worst damn Spanish I ever heard.† â€Å"He said Mr. Tankado was wearing a ring?† The officer nodded. He pulled out a Ducado cigarette, eyed the no fumar sign, and lit up anyway. â€Å"Guess I should have said something, but the guy sounded totally loco.† Becker frowned. Strathmore's words echoed in his ears. I want everything Ensei Tankado had with him. Everything. Leave nothing. Not even a tiny scrap of paper. â€Å"Where is the ring now?† Becker asked. The officer took a puff. â€Å"Long story.† Something told Becker this was not good news. â€Å"Tell me anyway.†

Best Dinosaur Memes of the Internet

The Disease Of Red Measles Or Measles - 892 Words

Rubeola Rubeola, also called red measles or measles, is an acute viral disease that causes a red rash over the body. Measles is one of the most common and most deadly communicable childhood diseases. It is spread from one child to another through direct contact with droplets from the nose and throat. Sometimes, it is spread through air-borne droplets from an infected child. This is a very contagious disease that usually consists of a rash, fever, and cough. The rubeola virus can live on surfaces for hours. The virus was first isolated in 1954 by Nobel Laureate John F. Enders and Thomas Peebles, who were careful to point out that the isolations were made from patients who had Koplik s spots, white spots under the tongue. The rubeola virus†¦show more content†¦Symptoms of measles begin to appear about seven to fourteen days after a person is infected, but can be as long as twenty days. Most cases start with a mild to moderate fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and sore throat. About three to five days later, a red rash appears. The rash begins at the hairline, then spreads down to the rest of the body. When the rash appears, the fever may be as high as 103 °F to105 °F. Symptoms may last for one to two weeks. Many cases are complicated by secondary infections caused by bacterial pathogens, mainly Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Haemophilus influenzae. These pathogens readily invade the body because measles damages the normal body defenses. Secondary infections most commonly cause earaches and pneumonia. Measles can be prevented by injecting an attenuated rubeola virus vaccine. At the time of the introduction of the vaccine in the early 1960s, there were about 400,000 cases of the disease were being reported each year in the United States, probably representing one-tenth of the actual number of victims. The number of cases in the United States have declined to maybe just a few each year. 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Information about how this disease is transmitted and theRead MoreThe Diseases Of The World851 Words   |  4 PagesEven though measles had been recognized as a sickness that differs from smallpox as early as the 10th century by a scientist named Rhazes, people were still believing in an ancient theory that explained measles as a way of purifying kids` from t heir mothers` menstrual blood (Axton, 140). Because it was seen as a way of purification, people have embraced this sickness and wanted their kids to experience the holy cleansing process. In 1670, an English physician, Thomas Sydenham wrote a detailed synopsisRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Measles Vaccination Rates1314 Words   |  6 Pages Rubeola, more commonly referred to as measles, is an illness of the body which causes red bumps and spots on a person’s skin. Some symptoms may include high fever, runny nose, coughing, or red watery eyes (â€Å"Signs†). Rubeola is highly contagious, and can easily be transferred by those who have it to those who are unvaccinated. Influenza, also known as the flu, is similar in the way that it can be easily transferred. Also an illness of the body, influenza can cause symptoms such as a sore throat,Read MoreTask 21251 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity Health (C228) MEASLES Measles was at one time in the not too distant past, a killer of those that became infected. Measles has been around for centuries. The first published, written account of the disease was in the ninth century by a Persian doctor. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website on measles, it was not until 1757 that a Scottish physician, named Francis Home, proved that something infectious in the blood was causing the disease. By the early 1900’sRead MoreCommon Symptoms and Damages of Measles Essay584 Words   |  3 PagesThe Latin name for measles is rubeola. The pathogen which causes the disease is a paramyxovirus, which is one of a group of RNA (ribonucleic acid) viruses. Measles is a respiratory disease caused by a virus, and also comes out in a rash. The virus enters the body via the respiratory system, and grows in the cells at the back of the throat and in the cells that line the lungs, from there it then enters the blood stream and circulates the body. Common Symptoms Usually a person doesn’t start toRead MorePrevention And Prevention Of Measles1163 Words   |  5 Pagesprevent disease. Immunization is also known as vaccination. They are essential for adults as well as children to protect against infectious diseases like measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, polio, tetanus, diphtheria, and many others diseases (â€Å"Immunization: MedlinePlus,† 2014). Measles is one of the highly infectious diseases caused by virus among all of them. It spreads through the air by coughing and sneezing. It starts with the symptoms like fever, runny nose, cough, sore throat, red eyes andRead MoreThe Is Not If You Use Measles The Right Way !989 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Fear? Not If You Use Measles The Right Way!† Ms.Jennifer was the head supervisor of a small town daycare called J.F.K, which stands for Just For Kids. Her favorite kid that attended the daycare was a boy named Trevor (3 years old). Trevor’s dad, Mr. Jack, is a widow, and lost his wife during childbirth. Ms.Jennifer is very fond of Trevor due to her past dates with his dad. One day, she notices that Trevor’s eyes were puffy, red and watery. Ms. Jennifer also witnessed other symptoms that wereRead MoreMedieval Diseases And Treatment Research1026 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 2015 Medieval Diseases and Treatment Research Essay During the Medieval era there were many diseases. Because of the lack of hygiene in the medieval times, diseases would spread like a wildfire. Just to name a few common diseases that happened in this time, there was the Black Death, leprosy, measles, and typhoid fever. These were most likely transported because of dirty bedsheets and blankets, unwashed clothing, and rodents. The treatments for these diseases and other things, such